전영역 이상 해결국(AARO): FY2025 미확인 이상 현상(UAP)에 대한 통합 연례 보고서

Fiscal Year 2025 Consolidated Annual Report on Unidentified Anomalous Phenomena

DEPARTMENT OF WAR
ALL-DOMAIN ANOMALY RESOLUTION OFFICE
Fiscal Year 2025 Consolidated Annual Report on Unidentified Anomalous Phenomena
Information Cut Off: May 30, 2025
26-P-0880

Table of Contents
I. EXECUTIVE SUMMARY ...................................................................................................... 2
II. SCOPE .................................................................................................................................... 2
III. OVERVIEW OF REPORTS.................................................................................................. 4
A. Overall Trend Analysis ....................................................................................................... 4
B. Diversification and Sources of Reporting .......................................................................... 6
IV. OVERVIEW OF ANALYSIS AND FINDINGS ................................................................... 6
A. Reported Morphologies ...................................................................................................... 6
B. Reported Altitudes for Airborne UAP............................................................................... 7
C. Notable Trends Regarding Prosaic Objects ...................................................................... 8
D. Flight Safety Issues .............................................................................................................. 8
E. Reports In or Near Restricted Airspace or Critical Infrastructure ............................... 9
F. UAS Observations Near U.S. Nuclear Infrastructure, Weapons, and Launch Sites ..... 9
G. Capture or Exploitation of UAP ........................................................................................ 9
H. Reported Health or Physiological Impacts from UAP Incidents .................................... 9
V. ENGAGEMENT, ROLES, RESPONSIBILITIES, AND REPORTING .............................. 10
A. Foreign Partner Engagement ........................................................................................... 10
B. Roles and Responsibilities of Assigned Line Organizations .......................................... 10
C. Authorized Reporting Mechanism................................................................................... 10
VI. AARO PROGRAM UPDATES ............................................................................................ 11
VII. WAY FORWARD ............................................................................................................... 11
APPENDIX A: GLOSSARY OF TERMS .................................................................................. 13
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I. EXECUTIVE SUMMARY
The Department of War (DoW) provides this report pursuant to a requirement established
under section 3373k of Title 50, United States Code. This document contains all reported
unidentified anomalous phenomena (UAP)-related events occurring from June 2, 2024, to May
30, 2025, and UAP-related events occurring within any previous period not covered in a previous
report.
The All-domain Anomaly Resolution Office (AARO) received 319 reports of UAP-
related events. Of those, 284 feature UAP-related events occurring during the reporting period
and 35 reports feature UAP-related events occurring outside the reporting period. AARO
resolved 114 of the 319 UAP reports. In addition, AARO resolved 256 cases reported in a
previous period, bringing the total number of resolved cases during the reporting period to 370.
AARO assesses that all resolved cases are attributable to prosaic objects such as balloons,
satellites, birds, aircraft, and unmanned aerial systems (UAS). AARO also assesses that one case
is attributable to a commercial rocket launch and one to a manned jet pack.
During the reporting period, AARO onboarded a new capability that enabled analysts to
resolve 238 reported UAP as satellite flaring.
AARO did not receive any reports of UAP-related health effects during this reporting
period.
Two UAP reports described electronic or avionic interference as attributable to UAP in
proximity to an operational aircraft. AARO has not yet rendered a determination on whether,
and to what extent, the reported effects are attributable to UAP.
AARO did not receive reports indicating flight safety concerns during this reporting
period.
As previously reported, a collection bias favoring the continental United States, its littoral
waters, and global U.S. military operational areas, influences AARO’s UAP case holdings.
Locations with a higher density of U.S. military sensors and assets tend to submit more UAP
reports.
A lack of timely and actionable sensor data continues to constrain AARO’s ability to
resolve cases. AARO has worked alongside its military and technical partners to mitigate these
constraints by clearly articulating optimal sensor requirements, information-sharing processes,
and the essential elements of information that inform high-quality UAP reporting. AARO also
continues to expand engagement, information-sharing, and collaboration with foreign partners.
II. SCOPE
The DoW provides this report pursuant to a requirement established under section
3373(k)(1)(A) of Title 50, United States Code: “Not later than 180 days after the enactment of
the Fiscal Year (FY) 2023 Intelligence Authorization Act and annually thereafter for four years,
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the Director of the Office shall submit a report on UAP to the appropriate congressional
committees.”
Per section 3373(k)(1)(B) of Title 50, United States Code, each report shall include, with
respect to the year covered by the report, the following information:
• All reported UAP-related events that occurred during the one-year period.
• All reported UAP-related events that occurred during a period other than that one-
year period but were not included in an earlier report.
• An analysis of data and intelligence received through each reported UAP-related
event.
• An analysis of data relating to UAP collected through:
- Geospatial Intelligence
- Signals Intelligence
- Human Intelligence
- Measurement and Signatures Intelligence
• The number of reported incidents of UAP over restricted air space of the United
States during the one-year period.
- Including analysis of such incidents identified.
• Identification of potential aerospace and other threats posed by UAP to the national
security of the United States.
• An assessment of any activity regarding UAP that can be attributed to one or more
adversarial foreign governments.
• Identification of any incidents or patterns regarding UAP that indicate a potential
adversarial foreign government may have achieved a breakthrough aerospace
capability.
• An update on the consultation by the United States with allies and partners on efforts
to track, understand, and address UAP.
• An update on any efforts underway on the ability to capture or exploit discovered
UAP.
• An assessment of health-related effects for individuals that have encountered UAP.
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• The number of reported incidents, and descriptions thereof, of UAP associated with
military nuclear assets, including strategic nuclear weapons and nuclear-powered
ships and submarines.
• Results of consultation with the Administrator for Nuclear Security regarding the
number of reported incidents, and description thereof, of UAP associated with
facilities or assets associated with the production, transportation, or storage of nuclear
weapons or components thereof.
• Results of consultation with the Chairman of the Nuclear Regulatory Commission
regarding the number of reported incidents, and descriptions thereof, of UAP or
drones of unknown origin associated with nuclear power generating stations, nuclear
fuel storage sites, or other sites or facilities regulated by the Nuclear Regulatory
Commission.
• The names of the line organizations that have been designated to perform the specific
functions including Response to and Field Investigations and Scientific,
Technological, and Operational Analyses of Data on UAP, and the specific functions
for which each such line organization has been assigned primary responsibility.
• A summary of the reports received using the mechanism for authorized reporting
established under section 3373b of this title.
AARO drafted this report in coordination with the Military Services, DoW, and
Intelligence Community (IC) partners across the United States Government (USG).
III. OVERVIEW OF REPORTS
A. Overall Trend Analysis
As of May 30, 2025, AARO’s case holdings contain 1,870 reports. From June 2, 2024, to
May 30, 2025, AARO received 319 UAP reports, of which 284 featured UAP-related events
occurring during the reporting period and 35 featured UAP-related events that occurred between
2010 and 2024. Of these, AARO assesses that 274 UAP reports occurred in the air domain, 44
in the space domain, and one in the maritime domain.
None of AARO’s space-domain case assessments originated from space-based sensors.
Forty-two UAP reports originated from civilian pilot reports via the Federal Aviation
Administration (FAA), and two originated from ground-based U.S. Space Command sensors.
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AARO applied all-source analysis1 techniques and three-dimensional modeling to render a high-
confidence assessment for each of these cases as being attributable to satellite flaring.
Flaring is a well-documented phenomenon where reflected sunlight from satellite
surfaces becomes visible when viewed from specific angles. These flares can appear as intense,
bright orbs of light many times brighter than surrounding stars or background light levels that
persist from a fraction of a second up to several minutes, depending on the observational
conditions. These reports each described morphological features and behavioral characteristics
consistent with those of a satellite flare. The flaring phenomenon is responsible for a growing
number of AARO’s total case resolutions as the office’s modeling techniques improve and
reports increase.
The single maritime domain UAP case AARO received involved a report from U.S. Navy
assets operating off the coast of Virginia. The report described approximately 100 airborne UAP
and two, likely uncrewed, surface systems. AARO is actively investigating this event in
coordination with the reporting unit.
AARO resolved 114 of the 319 UAP reports, each attributable to various prosaic objects
such as balloons, birds, satellites, aircraft, UAS, and a single instance each of a rocket launch and
a manned jet pack. Pending review and director authorization, AARO’s analytic team
recommends the closure of three additional cases. AARO applied its rigorous, comprehensive,
all-source analytic approach and three-dimensional computer modeling to preliminarily resolve
these cases with high confidence as attributable to satellite flaring.
AARO identified nine reports meriting further analysis by its IC and science and
technology (S&T) partners with relevant technical and domain expertise.
AARO transferred 191 of the 319 UAP cases to its active archive pending the future
discovery of corroborating data sources. The active archive is a category of UAP reports with
insufficient data to assess whether the performance characteristics of the underlying event are
consistent with those of natural phenomena or exceed the known state-of-the-art for
technological systems. UAP cases held in active archive inform AARO’s locational and trend
analyses and remain open to future resolution should further information or improved analytical
techniques enable a more conclusive resolution.
AARO occasionally receives reports from two or more sources which correspond to a
single event. When this occurs, AARO merges the corresponding case files into a single
incident. AARO performed two such merger actions during this reporting period.
None of the cases AARO resolved indicate advanced foreign adversarial capabilities or
breakthrough technologies in any domain.
1 All-source analysis is the process of synthesizing information derived from multiple intelligence
disciplines, such as human, signals, or imagery intelligence, to create a comprehensively informed
assessment of a situation or event. This process enables more reliable assessments than any single-source
method of interpreting unfiltered data.
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Figure 1: AARO’s Closed Cases by Identified Object Type from June 2, 2024 – May 30, 2025
B. Diversification and Sources of Reporting
FAA UAP reports from civilian aviators constituted 21 percent of AARO’s incoming
reporting. These reports, although less data-rich on an individual basis than most DoW
reporting, provide AARO invaluable access to a much broader pool of reporting for potentially
anomalous incidents over the continental United States and its littoral waters. These reports
often contain narrative descriptions with sufficient detail to produce high-confidence
assessments, especially in reports describing morphologies or behaviors consistent with satellite
flaring.
IV. OVERVIEW OF ANALYSIS AND FINDINGS
A. Reported Morphologies
Reporting trends for UAP morphologies remain consistent with historical patterns. In
incidents where reporters provided a description of the phenomenon’s distinct visual
characteristics, lights (33 percent) and spheroidal objects (40 percent) were the most reported
morphologies (Figure 3). Phenomena within the “other” category include less-commonly
described morphologies such as “cross-shaped,” “a star shape,” “an elongated diamond shape
like two inverted pyramids,” and a “flaming object that fell from the sky.”
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Of the reports AARO analyzed, 77 of the 319 UAP reports (24.13 percent) contained
insufficient information to render an analytic conclusion on the phenomenon’s morphological
characteristics.
Figure 2: UAP Characterization by Morphology* from June 2, 2024 – May 30, 2025
*Cases lacking a resolved morphology do not appear in this chart.
B. Reported Altitudes for Airborne UAP
Airborne UAP-related events were predominately reported between 10,000 and 35,000
feet. UAP-related events reported above 45,000 feet fell from 27 percent of reports to 4 percent
since AARO’s FY 2024 annual report. AARO assesses that this notable difference in reported
altitudes stems from a collection bias in the previous reporting period having favored a batch of
FAA-derived reports of higher-altitude phenomena. Civilian pilot estimates of phenomenon
altitudes tended to range from 45,000 to 60,000 feet. However, AARO resolved many of these
reports as satellite flaring based on their reported characteristics.
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Figure 3: Reported Airborne UAP Altitudes from June 2, 2024 - May 30, 2025
C. Notable Trends Regarding Prosaic Objects
AARO routinely resolves UAP-related events involving satellite flaring using three-
dimensional modeling techniques. Reports involving satellites often include descriptions of
bright, colored lights at high altitudes, or moving “orbs” of light. AARO resolved 44 UAP-
related events as attributable to satellite flaring during